Hardware hardware is the computer on which a gis operates. Discuss components of spatial data explain differences between the raster and vector spatial data models present common types of spatial data you may encounter and use introduce you to arccatalogas a means of organizing and managing your spatial data discuss best practices regarding the organization of spatial data, as. Storage devices like magnetic tapes and disks, cd roms and other optical disks. Hardware software data people methods basic functions of gis. A gis provides functionality to capture, store, query, analyze, display and output geographic information. These shapes are sometimes called geometric objects, geometric features, or feature types.
Other definition of gis a gis is designed for the collection storage, and analysis of objects and phenomena where geographic. Handbook on geographic information systems and digital. The difference between the ground potential rise and the surface potential at the point where the person is standing while at the same time having a hand in contact with a grounded structure. Other definition of gis a gis is designed for the collection storage, and analysis of objects and phenomena where geographic location is an important characteristic or critical to the analysis. It consists of the computer hardware system physical components on which the gis software runs. Recoded to five basic information classes data categories 1. Introduction to installing and configuring arcgis desktop. Basic substation configurations and the components. Components of gis system gis system can be viewed as an integration of three components are hardware and software, data, people. Harish phd candidate department of politics new york university an introduction to gis using arcgis spring lab workshop 5 march 20.
Components of a gis a working gis integrates five key components. It provides an electronic representation of information, called spatial data, about the earths natural and manmade features. A computerized tool for solving geographic problems. All these 5 elements are required for successful implementation of gis. Introduction to gis workbook university of maryland. Introduction to gis 4 located between grattan street and old engineering building. Basicelements drawings cover sheet drawing list single line diagram s.
For computer to perform well all hardware component must have high capacity. No matter what brand of pipes you own, you can go to the hardware store, buy another piece of pipe of the same diameter, and screw it into the pipe you already have. Geographic information system gis is a computer system build to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage and display all kinds of spatial or geographical data hardware. A geographical information system is a collection of spatially referenced data i. Substation design references ansi c37 series protection and control equipment ansi c57 series transformers. Essentials of geographic information systems also illustrates how gis is used to ask questions. These four elements are essential components of a gis setup. Why geography matters 8 gis helps answer such questions by combining data from governments and other sources in a custom map. And, before gis technology, only a few people had the skills necessary to use geographic information to help with decision making and problem solving. Learn fundamental concepts that underlie the use of a gis with handson experience with. The apis include documentation and a series of highlevel visual components to ease building arcgis.
The listed components are described briefly in the following sections. Hardware software data people in this tutorial, we will provide you with information about each of these components and how they interact with each other. Hardware is the computer system on which a gis operates. Gis is computer software that links geographic information where things are with descriptive information what things are. Perhaps the most important component of a gis is the data. Gis components gis knowledge gis functions intro validation and verification problem solving six components of a gisystem network. To perform various operations with gis, the components of gis such as software, hardware, data, people and methods are essential. It is a powerful system that incorporates spatial data, manages it, analyzes it, answers geographic queries and provides great visualization capability. A gis geographic information system is a powerful tool used for computerized mapping and spatial analysis.
Thesecomponents are critical slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Geographic information system gis is software that converts data into productive information by getting data from gps and rs, and then analyzes the data and displays it as productive information. Unlike a flat paper map, where what you see is what you get, gis can present many layers of different information. For this seminar we will be using arcgis desktop 10, the newest version of a popular gis software produced by esri. Vector representation vector representation of data in the vector based model figure 4, geospatial data is represented in the form of coordinates. Get an introduction to the basic components of a gis. Worboys, 1997 other definitions of gis a container of maps in digital form. Gis software arcview, a product of environment system research institute esri, is a software that provides the basic gis functionality with an easytouse graphic user interfacegui which can be customised for specific applications.
Geographic information systems gis defined by components. Today, gis software runs on a wide range of hardware types, from centralized computer servers to desktop computers used in standalone or networked configurations. For those who are new with geographic information system gis, please go over to our brief introduction about gis. Gis allows users to view, understand, question, interpret, and visualize data in many ways that reveal relationships, patterns, and trends in the form of maps. To represent our world within a computer gis, creates geometric representations of reality.
Gis are simultaneously the telescope, the microscope, the computer, and the xerox machine of regional analysis and synthesis of spatial data. Essentials of geographic information systems open textbook. Motherboard, hard driver, processor, graphics card, printer and so on. Software, hardware, and data relative locations of features in x, y, and z coordinates longitude, latitude, and elevation relationships between features. Introduction and data structurecomponents of a gisa gis has a series of components that combine to make the system work. Gis concepts geographic information system map free 30. Nowadays there are a different range of computer, it might be desktop or server based. A geographic information system gis is a computerbased tool for mapping and analyzing things that exist and events that happen on earth. Pdf essential elements of geographic information system. Components of gis gis enables the user to input, manage, manipulate, analyze, and display geographically referenced data using a computerized system. Discuss components of spatial data centers for disease. The variables or attributes can be studied considering the thematic aspect statistics, the locational aspect spatial analysis or both. A geographic information system gis integrates hardware, software, and data for capturing, managing, analyzing, and displaying all forms of geographically referenced information. When the exercises in this book are completed and developed, the user will be able to fully understand the fundamentals of gis, and the use of its main tools to generate maps.
A gis is able to manage both while computer assisted cartography packages only manage the absolute one. Arcmap, arccatalog and arctoolbox about the differences between arcview, arceditor and arcinfo 1. It gives an inexpensive way of map production, displaying the information on the map and makes the analysis easier. Introduction to gis basics, data, analysis case studies. Desktop gis refer to a gis that can be installed on a desktop computer. A working gis system integrates these five key components. You will even learn the basics of operating a gis, preparing map. Jan 14, 20 as i have discussed in previous posts, a geographic information system gis enables us to capture, store, integrate, analyze, and display data from a geographic perspective.
The second chapter discusses, inter alia, costbenefit analysis of an investment in digital cartography and gis, plans for census cartographic process, digital map database development, quality assurance, database maintenance, and use of gis during census enumeration. An introduction to geographical information systems gis. Gis system and application basically deals with information that can be viewed as data with specific meaning and context rather than simple data. A computer system for gis includes procedures aimed to capture, store, process, analyze, model, and display geospatial data. It provides powerful metadata editing and search functions as well as an embedded interactive web map viewer. While the basic elements of topology and theme existed previously in cartography, the john snow map. Different components of arcgis desktop there are three main components that together make up the arcgis desktop software. Gis components gis knowledge gis functions intro validation and verification problem solving six components of a gisystem network people hardware software data procedures. In order to understand geographic information systems gis basic concepts and its relation with the environmental management we need to see what gis actually means. In gis your data are stored in a geographic database a geographic database contains spatial information location and descriptive information of real world entities. S learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Software components can be explained using an analogy to plumbing. To run the setup manually, browse to the downloaded folder containing the setup and.
Introduction we use a word processor to write documents and deal with words on a computer, similarly we can use a gis application to deal with spatial information on a computer. Gis technology is of limited value without the people who manage the system. A modern gis provides both simple pointandclick query capabilities and sophisticated analysis tools to provide timely information to managers and analysts alike. The arcgis engine is an arcgis software engine, a developer product for creating custom gis desktop applications arcgis engine provides application programming interfaces apis for com. Remote sensing and its applications by lra narayana university press i999.
Gis applications are tools that allow users to create interactive queries usercreated searches, analyze spatial information, edit data in maps, and present the results of all these operations. Learn fundamental concepts that underlie the use of a gis with handson experience with maps and geographic data. Geographical information systems gis introduction geographical information system gis is a technology that provides the means. Jun 06, 2017 contents introduction definition of gis components of gis area of gis applications conclusion reference 3. The basic hardware in gis includes a computer device consisting of monitor, cpu, keyboard and printers, scanners, digitizing tablets, digitizing pens, hard disks for memory etc. Software, hardware, and data relative locations of features in x, y, and z coordinates longitude, latitude, and elevation relationships between features you probably dont need to. Geographical information systems gis are computerbased systems that enable users to collect, store, process, analyze and present spatial data. In vector data, the basic units of spatial information are points, lines arcs and polygons. Arcgis server is server based computer where gis software runs on network computer or cloud based. To install a component, sign into my esri and click the download link on the site. User is one who uses the gis applications or software. In this training, quantum gis developed by sourceforge in june 2002 will be utilized. A geographic information s ystem gis is a system wherein data related to earth, associated phenomena, and events is mapped and analyzed. An introduction to geographical information systems gis what is a geographical information system.
Gis isnt that complicated, whats more it can even be fun. The five basics of gis components geography and you. Recognizing that many potential gis users are nonspecialists or may only need a few maps, this book is designed to be accessible, pragmatic, and concise. Welcome to basic geographic information systems training. Once youve finished this short book not only will you understand what gis is all about, but you will have the background knowledge and vocabulary required to discuss gis and its associated tools with confidence. As i have discussed in previous posts, a geographic information system gis enables us to capture, store, integrate, analyze, and display data from a geographic perspective. Handbook on geographic information systems and digital mapping. A gis references these realworld spatial data elements. A gis helps people visualize and create information that can be used to make decisions and solve problems. This set of tools is open ended, but will include data input, data storage, data manipulation, and a reporting system. Modern gis has many powerful analytical tools, but these are. Users define and develop the procedure and select relevant information to set necessary standards.
Geonetwork opensource ngeonetwork is a catalog application to manage spatially referenced resources. A geographic information system gis is a system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present spatial or geographic data. The type of hardware explains the speed and load of the software. After the download completes, you have the option of starting the setup immediately or running it manually. A gis can integrate spatial data with other existing data resources, often stored in a dbms. Computer tool for managing geographic feature location data and data related to those features.
745 607 1216 592 245 1395 849 1248 58 606 88 934 167 555 1527 571 77 1348 248 990 683 583 1549 92 17 1276 473 511 1309 1124 320 213 47 680 1454 955 526 837